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Ways and Means (Greek: Πόροι ἢ περὶ Προσόδων, Poroi e peri Prosodon, "Revenues") was written in 355 BC and is believed to be the last work written by Xenophon. This was shortly after Athens' defeat in the Social War and the collapse of the Second Athenian League, and the city was facing financial ruin. Ways and Means is made up of 6 chapters, addressed to the Council of Five Hundred in response to political statements that expressed that Athens' unfair behavior against other cities is due to its poverty. The essay consists of suggestions to alleviate the economic situation in Athens at this time. Xenophon proposes through Ways and Means that Athens would be able to support itself without relying on the profits of war and empire. There are different receptions of this work, but mainly agree

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  • Οι Πόροι ή περί προσόδων , λατ. De Vectigalibus και αγγλ. Ways and Means, είναι έργο του Ξενοφώντα που γράφτηκε το 355 π.Χ. 354 π.Χ. σε μια χρονική περίοδο που η Αρχαία Αθήνα έχασε το ρόλο της ως ηγεμονική δύναμη. (el)
  • Des revenus, en grec ancien Πόροι ἢ περὶ Προσόδων, Poroi e peri Prosodon, « Revenus » — est un opuscule de Xénophon, probablement écrit en -355, peu de temps avant sa mort, alors qu'il résidait vraisemblablement à Corinthe, et portant sur une modification de la politique d'immigration d'Athènes, le développement du commerce et du négoce maritime et le développement de l'exploitation des mines d'argent de Laurion. Xénophon conseille à Euboulos, le dirigeant athénien de l'époque, de favoriser l'intégration des métèques, d'encourager le commerce maritime et d'exploiter les mines d'argent du Laurion. (fr)
  • Ways and Means (Greek: Πόροι ἢ περὶ Προσόδων, Poroi e peri Prosodon, "Revenues") was written in 355 BC and is believed to be the last work written by Xenophon. This was shortly after Athens' defeat in the Social War and the collapse of the Second Athenian League, and the city was facing financial ruin. Ways and Means is made up of 6 chapters, addressed to the Council of Five Hundred in response to political statements that expressed that Athens' unfair behavior against other cities is due to its poverty. The essay consists of suggestions to alleviate the economic situation in Athens at this time. Xenophon proposes through Ways and Means that Athens would be able to support itself without relying on the profits of war and empire. There are different receptions of this work, but mainly agreed upon is that this was an attempt to create a new type of imperialism that was supported more by peace and Athens itself instead of oppressive behavior on other cities. (en)
  • Poroi (in greco antico: Πόροι), tradotto anche con il titolo Modi e mezzi o Le Entrate, è un'opera di Senofonte sulla finanza ateniese del IV secolo a.c. Questo lavoro fu scritto nel 354 a.C., mezzo secolo dopo la sconfitta di Atene nella guerra del Peloponneso, quando la città si trovava di fronte alla rovina finanziaria.Si crede che questa sia l'ultima opera scritta da Senofonte. (it)
  • «О доходах» — трактат Ксенофонта об увеличении доходов Афинского государства, написанный ок. 355 г. до н. э. Считается последним произведением Ксенофонта. Некоторые учёные полагают, что трактат «Доходы города Афин» приписан Ксенофонту ошибочно; время его составления одни относят к периоду Пелопоннесской войны, другие к 355 или 346 году. (ru)
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  • Οι Πόροι ή περί προσόδων , λατ. De Vectigalibus και αγγλ. Ways and Means, είναι έργο του Ξενοφώντα που γράφτηκε το 355 π.Χ. 354 π.Χ. σε μια χρονική περίοδο που η Αρχαία Αθήνα έχασε το ρόλο της ως ηγεμονική δύναμη. (el)
  • Des revenus, en grec ancien Πόροι ἢ περὶ Προσόδων, Poroi e peri Prosodon, « Revenus » — est un opuscule de Xénophon, probablement écrit en -355, peu de temps avant sa mort, alors qu'il résidait vraisemblablement à Corinthe, et portant sur une modification de la politique d'immigration d'Athènes, le développement du commerce et du négoce maritime et le développement de l'exploitation des mines d'argent de Laurion. Xénophon conseille à Euboulos, le dirigeant athénien de l'époque, de favoriser l'intégration des métèques, d'encourager le commerce maritime et d'exploiter les mines d'argent du Laurion. (fr)
  • Poroi (in greco antico: Πόροι), tradotto anche con il titolo Modi e mezzi o Le Entrate, è un'opera di Senofonte sulla finanza ateniese del IV secolo a.c. Questo lavoro fu scritto nel 354 a.C., mezzo secolo dopo la sconfitta di Atene nella guerra del Peloponneso, quando la città si trovava di fronte alla rovina finanziaria.Si crede che questa sia l'ultima opera scritta da Senofonte. (it)
  • «О доходах» — трактат Ксенофонта об увеличении доходов Афинского государства, написанный ок. 355 г. до н. э. Считается последним произведением Ксенофонта. Некоторые учёные полагают, что трактат «Доходы города Афин» приписан Ксенофонту ошибочно; время его составления одни относят к периоду Пелопоннесской войны, другие к 355 или 346 году. (ru)
  • Ways and Means (Greek: Πόροι ἢ περὶ Προσόδων, Poroi e peri Prosodon, "Revenues") was written in 355 BC and is believed to be the last work written by Xenophon. This was shortly after Athens' defeat in the Social War and the collapse of the Second Athenian League, and the city was facing financial ruin. Ways and Means is made up of 6 chapters, addressed to the Council of Five Hundred in response to political statements that expressed that Athens' unfair behavior against other cities is due to its poverty. The essay consists of suggestions to alleviate the economic situation in Athens at this time. Xenophon proposes through Ways and Means that Athens would be able to support itself without relying on the profits of war and empire. There are different receptions of this work, but mainly agree (en)
rdfs:label
  • Πόροι ή περί προσόδων (el)
  • Des revenus (fr)
  • Poroi (it)
  • О доходах (ru)
  • Ways and Means (Xenophon) (en)
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