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- The cow protection movement is a predominantly Indian religious and political movement aiming to protect cows, whose slaughter has been broadly opposed by Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, Zoroastrians and Sikhs. While the opposition to slaughter of animals, including cows, has extensive and ancient roots in Indian history, the term refers to modern movements dating back to colonial era British India. The earliest such activism is traceable to Namdhari (Kooka) Sikhs of Punjab who opposed cow slaughter in the 1860s. The movement became popular in the 1880s and thereafter, attracting the support from the Arya Samaj founder Swami Dayananda Saraswati in the late 19th century, and from Mahatma Gandhi in the early 20th century. The cow protection movement gained broad support among the followers of Indian religions, particularly Hindus, but it was broadly opposed by Muslims. Numerous cow protection-related riots broke out in the 1880s and 1890s in British India. The 1893 and 1894 cow killing riots started on the day of Eid-ul-Adha, a Muslim festival where animal sacrifices are a part of the celebration. Cow protection movement and related violence has been one of the sources of religious conflicts in India. Historical records suggest that both Hindus and Muslims have respectively viewed "cow protection" and "cow slaughter" as a religious freedom. The cow protection movement is most connected with India, but has been active since colonial times in predominantly Buddhist countries such as Sri Lanka and Myanmar. Sri Lanka is the first country in South Asia to wholly legislate on harm inflicted against cattle. Sri Lanka currently bans the sale of cattle for meat throughout all of the island, following a legislative measure that united the two main ethnic groups on the island (Tamils and Sinhalese), whereas legislation against cattle slaughter is in place throughout most states of India except Kerala, West Bengal, and parts of the North-East. (en)
- Защита коров — индийский феномен, включающий как официальные организации, так и группы неформальных и самозваных активистов. Поскольку в индуизме корова является священным животным, которому запрещено причинять любой вред (и тем более убивать и употреблять в пищу), «защитники коров» (ед. ч. gau-raksha; мн.ч. gau-rakshak) считают своим долгом обеспечить защиту этим животным, а также преследовать тех, кто причиняет им вред. Защита, однако, принимает различные формы. Если официальная Организация по защите коров, имеющая филиалы по всей Индии, в основном занимается собственно защитой (следит за тем, чтобы коровам были обеспечены достойные условия; собирает деньги и обустраивает загоны для их содержания и кормления, и т. п.), то группы самозваных активистов, обычно индуистские националисты, под предлогом защиты коров совершают нападения на представителей других религий, главным образом мусульман. Часто подобная «защита» оборачивается линчеванием «виновных». Нередко активисты самозваных групп устраивают демонстрации и блокируют таким образом крупные автомагистрали. (ru)
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- The cow protection movement is a predominantly Indian religious and political movement aiming to protect cows, whose slaughter has been broadly opposed by Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, Zoroastrians and Sikhs. While the opposition to slaughter of animals, including cows, has extensive and ancient roots in Indian history, the term refers to modern movements dating back to colonial era British India. The earliest such activism is traceable to Namdhari (Kooka) Sikhs of Punjab who opposed cow slaughter in the 1860s. The movement became popular in the 1880s and thereafter, attracting the support from the Arya Samaj founder Swami Dayananda Saraswati in the late 19th century, and from Mahatma Gandhi in the early 20th century. (en)
- Защита коров — индийский феномен, включающий как официальные организации, так и группы неформальных и самозваных активистов. Поскольку в индуизме корова является священным животным, которому запрещено причинять любой вред (и тем более убивать и употреблять в пищу), «защитники коров» (ед. ч. gau-raksha; мн.ч. gau-rakshak) считают своим долгом обеспечить защиту этим животным, а также преследовать тех, кто причиняет им вред. (ru)
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