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In any of several fields of study that treat the use of signs — for example, in linguistics, logic, mathematics, semantics, semiotics, and philosophy of language — an extensional context (or transparent context) is a syntactic environment in which a sub-sentential expression e can be replaced by an expression with the same extension and without affecting the truth-value of the sentence as a whole. Extensional contexts are contrasted with opaque contexts where truth-preserving substitutions are not possible.

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  • In any of several fields of study that treat the use of signs — for example, in linguistics, logic, mathematics, semantics, semiotics, and philosophy of language — an extensional context (or transparent context) is a syntactic environment in which a sub-sentential expression e can be replaced by an expression with the same extension and without affecting the truth-value of the sentence as a whole. Extensional contexts are contrasted with opaque contexts where truth-preserving substitutions are not possible. Take the case of Clark Kent, who is secretly Superman. Suppose that Lois Lane fell out of a window and Superman caught her. Thus the sentence "Superman caught Lois Lane" is true. Because this sentence is an extensional context, the sentence "Clark Kent caught Lois Lane" is also true. Anybody that Superman caught, Clark Kent caught. In opposition to extensional contexts are intensional contexts (which can involve modal operators and modal logic), where terms cannot be substituted without potentially compromising the truth-value. Suppose that Lois Lane believes that Clark Kent will investigate a news story with her. Thus, the sentence "Lois Lane believes that Clark Kent will investigate a news story with her" is true. However, the statement, "Lois Lane believes that Superman will investigate a news story with her," is false. This is because 'believes' typically induces an intensional context. Lois Lane doesn't believe that Superman is Clark Kent and the propositional attitude "believe" induces an intensional context, so the substitution alters the meaning of the original sentence. (en)
  • Em filosofia, o conceito de contexto extensional existe em contraposição com o conceito de contexto intensional. No conceito de contexto extensional, o adjectivo “extensional” é um termo que se refere à extensão de uma expressão. Em geral, o contexto extensional aplica-se a uma expressão quando se substitui uma extensão por outra. Por exemplo, na expressão: “aquela oliveira é uma árvore”, o contexto da expressão é: “é uma árvore”. E “aquela oliveira” é a extensão. Se substituir “aquela oliveira” por “aquele pessegueiro”, a frase mantém o mesmo valor de verdade. Assim, diz-se que “oliveira” ou “pessegueiro” ocorrem extensionalmente. Em contexto extensional, o valor de verdade de uma frase permanece inalterado, mesmo que a extensão do contexto seja permutada por um termo coextensional. Para o contexto “árvore” o valor de verdade não se altera com a mudança de extensão. (pt)
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  • In any of several fields of study that treat the use of signs — for example, in linguistics, logic, mathematics, semantics, semiotics, and philosophy of language — an extensional context (or transparent context) is a syntactic environment in which a sub-sentential expression e can be replaced by an expression with the same extension and without affecting the truth-value of the sentence as a whole. Extensional contexts are contrasted with opaque contexts where truth-preserving substitutions are not possible. (en)
  • Em filosofia, o conceito de contexto extensional existe em contraposição com o conceito de contexto intensional. No conceito de contexto extensional, o adjectivo “extensional” é um termo que se refere à extensão de uma expressão. (pt)
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  • Extensional context (en)
  • Contexto extensional (pt)
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